The effects of masking and intersectionality on autonomic dysregulation in autism & ADHD

The present study addresses preexisting research gaps that do not consider the salience of autonomic dysregulation and identity integration as critical, overlooked dimensions of ADHD and autism. It reconceptualizes the features of Autism and ADHD as neurocognitive differences, rather than deficits, and how they converge with intersecting identities, environmental factors, and cultural expectations to inform the lived experiences and psychological well-being of neurodiverse individuals. By examining Autism and ADHD as identity facets often developed within non-affirming environments, consequently resulting in camouflaging, masking behaviors, and autonomic dysregulation, the present study offers a novel framework that seeks to expand current knowledge of neurodivergent traits.

Any individual (18+ years of age) that has received a formal or self-diagnosis of Autism and/or ADHD.

Data will be collected through a Qualtrics survey. Participants will provide information about their diagnosis (self- or formal), their age at diagnosis, current age, socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, and general geographic location. To assess the validity of self-reported diagnoses, the survey will include screening measures: the ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-5; Kessler et al., 2005) for ADHD and the Autism Spectrum Quotient 10-Item Adult Version (AQ-10; Allison et al., 2012) for autism. Estimated completion time ranges from 20-30 minutes.

The present study reconceptualizes Autism and ADHD as unique facets of identity that encompass notable gifts that merit further exploration and embracing. By deviating from traditional diagnostic models that medicalize Autistic traits, the present study offers a more holistic view of Autism that is strengths-based, identity integrative, and culturally inclusive. This study newly elucidates the important influence of other identity factors (e.g., racial identity, sexual orientation, etc.) on autistic individuals’ lived experiences and susceptibility to autonomic dysregulation, which have often gone unexamined.